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Economic incentives to offset carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with deforestation and other human activities affecting forest ecosystems depend on robust estimates of changes in forest carbon (C) stocks. Such stocks are difficult to assess in heterogeneous landscapes where the soil properties and the forest structure and functionality vary in space and time. Here we show that geopedological...
Knowledge on pore functionality is important for the management of soils in the environment. The present study considered the hypothesis that Bt horizons with cohesive character have a different porous network regarding its functionality because, among other aspects, their pores are preferentially oriented in the horizontal direction. This study aimed to evaluate pore functionality in cohesive and...
Traditionally, soil temperatures at various depths were measured daily at agricultural research stations around the world. Short-term fluctuations are damped at depth, acting as a natural low pass filter on soil surface temperature time series. In the last 20years, a number of northern hemisphere soil temperature data sets have been analysed for long term trends, but our analysis at four sites in...
Measuring soil surface changes at field scale can be an important tool to analyse sediment connectivity and may contribute to a better understanding of processes causing soil detachment and transport. Recent technological and algorithmic developments in high resolution topography measurement techniques enable to capture field plots with high spatial resolution and at varying temporal frequencies using...
Soil hydraulic properties of drained and cultivated fen soils vary considerably due to structural and physical alteration in the long-term. Although hydrological modelling is a key method to determine soil water conditions for a large number of aims, for instance the utilization of fen soils, general estimators of water retention that reflect the progressive nature of fen soil alteration are rare...
A number of studies have been conducted on the genesis of soils from volcanic deposits in semi- humid and humid climates. However, there has been little study of the mineralogical properties and genesis of soils from volcanic rocks in arid and semi-arid climates. This study was conducted to understand the genesis of soils from different volcanic parent materials, such as andesite, dacite, volcanic...
The aim of this study was to determine the in-situ strength and microscopic characteristics of bio-physical micro-horizons in the top 40mm of oversanded sand soils detected by depth dependent penetration resistance (PR). These micro-horizons result from the burial of biological soils crust (BSC) surfaces and contribute to soil stability. They are also important as the biotic source for seeding new...
Continuous rice-wheat (RW) rotation with conventional agronomic practices has resulted in declining factor productivity and degrading soil resources. A farmer's participatory research trial was conducted in Karnal, India to evaluate 8 combinations of cropping systems, tillage, crop establishment method and residue management effects on key soil physico-chemical and biological properties. Treatments...
Laboratory studies have shown that priming effects, caused by inputs of carbon into the rhizosphere, can change the rate of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and could have significant impacts on soil carbon cycling. However, there have been few studies in field conditions because of experimental constraints but field data are needed to improve models that forecast the effects of climate change...
Grass pasture rundown results from a depleted store of soil mineral nitrogen (N) over time. In these systems, mineral N is retained in the standing plant biomass, and /or immobilized in the soil organic matter. Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata is a leguminous shrub which is incorporated into grazing systems to provide a high protein fodder for beef cattle production. Leucaena can also enhance the...
Digital soil mapping (DSM) can predict the spatial distribution of soil classes. In the present study, DSM was investigated to predicted soil classes in a flood plain. Taxonomic classes including soil great groups, subgroups, and families were modeled using Random forest (RF) technique and covariate sets for an area of ~60,000ha in Sistan Region, eastern Iran. 108 soil profiles were excavated in the...
Little is known about how Fe-Mn nodules vary in relation to pedogenetic horizons in soils derived from loess. In this investigation nodules were collected according to soil genetic horizons from a Fragiudalf in loess at Southeast Purdue Agricultural Center (SEPAC) in Indiana and physical, chemical, micro- and macromorphological features of nodules and their soil matrix were determined as a function...
Soils deliver the regulating ecosystem services of water infiltration and distribution, which can be controlled by macropores. Parameterizing macropore hydraulic properties is challenging due to the lack of direct measurement methods. With tension-disc infiltrometry hydraulic properties near saturation can be measured. Differentiating between hydrologically active and non-active pores, at a given...
Grassland soils have been highlighted as a global soil carbon (C) sink, and have the potential to sequester additional C. Sequestration of C can occur through incorporation of soil organic carbon (SOC) within microaggregates and the silt and clay fractions. The distribution of SOC within macroaggregate fractions gives an insight into both SOC dynamics and its incorporation into the soil. Research...
Soil micromorphology in thin section and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) are useful techniques for assessing the participation of soil macrofauna in the formation of aggregates and soil structure. The purpose of this study was to use micromorphological analysis and NIRS techniques to assess the role of soil fauna in the recovery of soil aggregates and in the modification of soil microstructure...
Sequestration of atmospheric CO2 is attracting considerable attention due to global warming. Karstification significantly affects the sequestration of atmospheric CO2. Microorganisms and carbonic anhydrase (CA) can promote karstification, but the actual contribution of microorganisms and CA to karstification intensity (KaI) under natural conditions remains unclear. In this study, the influence of...
Soil surface roughness (SSR), a description of the micro-relief of soils, affects the surface storage capacity of soils, influences the threshold flow for wind and water erosion and determines interactions and feedback processes between the terrestrial and atmospheric systems at a range of scales. Rainfall is an important determinant of SSR as it can cause the dislocation, reorientation and packing...
Tropical peatland holds a large amount of carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem. Indonesia, responding to the global climate issues, has legislation on the protection and management of the peat ecosystem. However, this effort is hampered by the lack of fine-scale, accurate maps of peat distribution and its thickness. This paper presents an open digital mapping methodology, which utilises open data in...
We demonstrate calibration models developed for a number of soil variables, based on colour information derived from standard digital photography and a prototype visible-wavelength spectroscopy device. The samples used were taken from the National Soils Inventory of Scotland and included topsoil samples taken either from the upper horizon or bulked from the top 20cm. A total of 31 variables were investigated,...
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